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Lots of other Scientologist-run companies and organizations belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits the usage of Hubbard's management doctrines, and flows directories of WISE-affiliated services. WISE needs those who want to end up being Hubbard management speaks with to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Federal government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This area needs growth. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to facilitate the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the form of effective or reputable people. Scientology Perth. Though it has actually obtained some trustworthiness as a faith in numerous countries, Scientology has also been referred to as both a cult and a commercial business.

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For instance, it has been kept in mind to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Fair Game individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of fraud, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, harmful libel against attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of exposure" might be perceived as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were Church of Scientology Perth in 52 nations by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as figured out in an internet survey run by the governmental transition team soliciting public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European countries for discrimination against Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Liberty report, based on the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated lawfully as a company, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent to the US. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, browse around this site takes a hard click this site line on individuals and groups who attempt to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was produced with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor - Perth Scientology. Under The Guardian's Office (later renamed the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and dedicated one of the biggest penetration of United States federal companies ever committed by a company not affiliated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity committed by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope previously unprecedented. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No person or organization was complimentary from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past made usage of aggressive strategies in dealing with those it views as attempting to reduce them, referred to as Suppressive Persons (SPs) initially described by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have actually been managed by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb dangers in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.